Structure, Dynamics, and Biogenesis of Biomembranes

Ryo SatoScience
Structure, Dynamics, and Biogenesis of Biomembranes

Author: Ryo Sato

Publisher: Springer

ISBN: UOM:39015004403104

Category: Science

Page: 196

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Biomembranes are not only principal constituents of the cell but also a major site of biological activity. Studies on biomembranes are therefore, crucial for furthering our understanding of life processes. A special research project on biomembranes involving more than 100 in vestigators was conducted under a grant from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan between 1978 and 1981. This has resulted in marked progress on basic biomedical studies on biomembranes in Japan. This book is a compilation of several major developments made during this project in the field of "Structure, Dynamics, and Biogenesis of Biomembranes. " Developments in other fields constitute the contents of a companion volume, "Transport and Bioenergetics in Biomembranes," edited by Sato and Kagawa. In these two volumes the authors review recent advances which have been primarily made in their own labora tories and include relevant work carried out by other investigators. Eight topics are presented in this volume. Ikegami and coworkers review molecular dynamics in lipid bilayers, reconstituted membranes and biological membranes as studied by nanosecond fluorescence spec troscopy with an emphasis on the wobbling in the cone model. The fol lowing two chapters deal with virus-induced membrane fusions. Ohnishi and Maeda describe an assay method for envelope fusion using spin labeled phospholipids and report several characteristic results obtained by this method including low pH-induced fusion of influenza virus.

Membrane Biogenesis

Jos A.F. Op den KampScience
Membrane Biogenesis

Author: Jos A.F. Op den Kamp

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

ISBN: 9783642731846

Category: Science

Page: 477

View: 534

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Many individual aspects of the dynamics and assembly of biological membranes have been studied in great detail. Cell biological approaches, advanced genetics, biophysics and biochemistry have greatly contributed to an increase in our knowledge in this field.lt is obvious however, that the three major membrane constituents - lipids, proteins and carbohydrates- are studied, in most cases separately and that a coherent overview of the various aspects of membrane biogenesis is not readily available. The NATO Advanced Study Institute on "New Perspectives in the Dynamics of Assembly of Biomembranes" intended to provide such an overview: it was set up to teach students and specialists the achievements obtained in the various research areas and to try and integrate the numerous aspects of membrane assembly into a coherent framework. The articles in here reflect this. Statting with detailed contributions on phospholipid structure, dynamics, organization and biogenesis, an up to date overview of the basic, lipidic backbone of biomembranes is given. Extensive progress is made in the research on membrane protein biosynthesis. In particular the post- and co-translational modification processes of proteins, the mechanisms of protein translocation and the sorting mechanisms which are necessary to direct proteins to their final, intra - or extracellular destination have been characterized in detail. Modern genetic approaches were indispensable in this research area: gene cloning, hybrid protein construction, site directed mutagenesis and sequencing techniques elucidated many functional aspects of specific nucleic acid and amino acid sequences.

Fluorescence Studies on Biological Membranes

Herwig J. HildersonScience
Fluorescence Studies on Biological Membranes

Author: Herwig J. Hilderson

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

ISBN: 9781461393597

Category: Science

Page: 465

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As stated by its first editor, Dr. D. B. Roodyn, the primary goal of the series Subcellular Biochemistry is to achieve an integrated view of the cell by bringing together results from a wide range of different techniques and disciplines. This volume deals with the applications of fluorescence spectroscopy to membrane research. It seeks to present complementary biochemical and bio physical data on both the structure and the dynamics of biological membranes. Biophysics and biochemistry are improving more and more in their ability to study biomembranes, overlapping somewhat in this area and explaining the functioning of the whole cell in terms of the properties of its individual com ponents. Therefore, we have brought together an international group of experts in order to report on and review advances in fluorescence studies on biological membranes, thereby highlighting subcellular aspects. The first chapters present a critical evaluation of the current applications of dynamic and steady-state fluorescence techniques. Subsequent chapters dis cuss more specific applications in cells, biological membranes, and their con stituents (lipids, proteins).

The Physical Chemistry of MEMBRANES

B. SilverScience
The Physical Chemistry of MEMBRANES

Author: B. Silver

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

ISBN: 9789401096287

Category: Science

Page: 336

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Ls book is an account of what physical chemistry h . . to say about the structural, electrical and transport properties of biological membranes and their simplest model-the lipid bilayer. The accent throughout is on basic ideas. In contrast to the essentially descriptive ap proach characteristic of texts on membrane biochemistry, our underlying themes are the role of force and entropy in maintaining membrane organization, in determining the electric fields and ionic environment of membranes, and in regulating the passage of molecules and ions across membranes. Although experimental findings will always be the touch stone against which theory will be tried, no attempt is made to present an exhaustive survey of experimental data. On the other hand, there is discussion of the nature and limitations of the results obtainable by the major laboratory techniques. The treatment is at the level of an advanced undergraduate course or an introductory survey suitable for post graduate students carrying out research in biochemistry, biophysics, or physiology. The mathematical demands on the reader are trivial. The few forbidding equations appearing in Chapter 7 are soon whittled away to simple practical expressions. Although the current-voltage characteristics of nerves are traditionally the province of biophysics rather than physical chemistry, certain aspects relevant to the electrical activity of nerves are nevertheless included in this text, namely, mem brane and diffusion potentials and conductivity fluctuations. Where rival theories exist, conflicting convictions have been presented, but not necessarily accorded equal approbation. The author has a viewpoint.

Cell Fusion

David EveredScience
Cell Fusion

Author: David Evered

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

ISBN: 9780470718544

Category: Science

Page: 192

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The Novartis Foundation Series is a popular collection of the proceedings from Novartis Foundation Symposia, in which groups of leading scientists from a range of topics across biology, chemistry and medicine assembled to present papers and discuss results. The Novartis Foundation, originally known as the Ciba Foundation, is well known to scientists and clinicians around the world.

Electron Spin Resonance

P B AyscoughScience
Electron Spin Resonance

Author: P B Ayscough

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry

ISBN: 9781847553416

Category: Science

Page: 524

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Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage of progress in the major areas of chemical research. Written by experts in their specialist fields the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, supplying regular critical in-depth accounts of progress in particular areas of chemistry. For over 80 years the Royal Society of Chemistry and its predecessor, the Chemical Society, have been publishing reports charting developments in chemistry, which originally took the form of Annual Reports. However, by 1967 the whole spectrum of chemistry could no longer be contained within one volume and the series Specialist Periodical Reports was born. The Annual Reports themselves still existed but were divided into two, and subsequently three, volumes covering Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry. For more general coverage of the highlights in chemistry they remain a 'must'. Since that time the SPR series has altered according to the fluctuating degree of activity in various fields of chemistry. Some titles have remained unchanged, while others have altered their emphasis along with their titles; some have been combined under a new name whereas others have had to be discontinued. The current list of Specialist Periodical Reports can be seen on the inside flap of this volume.

Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Reproduction

Dharam S. DhindsaScience
Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Reproduction

Author: Dharam S. Dhindsa

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

ISBN: 9781468452099

Category: Science

Page: 381

View: 238

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Recently, considerable attention has been focused on studies of membrane structure and function--involvement of cell surface components in intercellular interaction, in translocation of ligands and receptors across cell membranes, and in the immunological properties of cells and gene expression and regulation. These investigations have led to the development of powerful technical tools which can be of immense value in the study of animal and human reproduction. The investigations of problems such as gamete interaction, fertilization, embryo implantation, and development have reached a stage where further meaningful progress in their understanding does not seem likely unless the conventional approaches are coupled with more modern molecular and cellular techniques. Furthermore, 1t is only through such basic studies that potential means of fertility regulation will emerge. The various physiological events in animal reproduction such as fertilization and implantation essentially involve an interaction between specific cell membrane components. Similarly, embryogenesis involves the expression and regulation of genes at various stages of development. Therefore, the entire Workshop was specifically devoted to two topics: 1) Structure, function, and biosynthesis of membrane components, and 2) Gene expression and regulation as related to animal reproduction. The presentations relating to each topic are presented in separate sections in this book.

Cell Fusion

A.E. SowersScience
Cell Fusion

Author: A.E. Sowers

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

ISBN: 9781475795981

Category: Science

Page: 540

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Over the last decade the volume Membrane Fusion. edited by Poste and Nicholson, has probably served as one of the major sources of review in formation on fusion in membrane systems. Since its publication much new information has been collected. New methods of inducing fusion have been invented or discovered, and new applications for fusion have been found. The need for an up-to-date monograph that covers and in tegrates these subjects, reviews established material, and rationalizes and integrates the old and the new is thus obvious. This book is the product of efforts to meet this need. Most of the current work in the field of membrane fusion takes place within the context of intact or modified cells. Hence this book emphasizes the plasma membrane. Each chapter is either a review, a report, or a short historical overview, depending, respectively, on whether the subject is large in scope and has a long history, or the subject is in such an early stage of development that most of what is known is still in the hands of a relatively small number of investigators and is best covered in report form.

Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Histology

R.V. Krstic;Medical
Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Histology

Author: R.V. Krstic;

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

ISBN: 9783642515965

Category: Medical

Page: 452

View: 522

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During the past three decades, histology has seen enormous progress, thanks to new techniques and new investigation instruments. Numerous discoveries of important structures and morphofunctional phenomena have been described in a wealth of papers of ever increasing size and complexity. These publi cations have become difficult to follow, not only because of their number, but also because of a disparity of terminology and the multitude of synonyms employed by different authors. All of this makes reading and comprehension of the progress that has been achieved laborious, even for histologists, but especially for students, researchers in other basic branches of medicine, or clinicians who have to consult histological texts during their studies or investigations. In order to facilitate the orientation of all those interested in histology, a concise and practical volume in encyclopedic style, defining and, at the same time, illustrating fundamental histolog ical terms, enumerating synonyms, and describing morpho functional phenomena has become necessary, both because a work of this genre does not exist and because the list of Latin terms elaborated by the International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee in 1977 does not give illustrations or definitions of histological terms. The present work attempts to redress this deficiency.