Submarine Groundwater

Igor S. ZektserScience
Submarine Groundwater

Author: Igor S. Zektser

Publisher: CRC Press

ISBN: 9781420005257

Category: Science

Page: 466

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Sustainable management of water resources is quickly increasing in importance on a global scale. An important piece of the puzzle is the characterization of marine water and determining its importance to geochemical budgets. To do this, submarine groundwater discharges must be carefully studied. Comprehensively exploring the subject, Submarine G

The Role of Submarine Groundwater Discharge as Material Source to the Baltic Sea

Beata SzymczychaScience
The Role of Submarine Groundwater Discharge as Material Source to the Baltic Sea

Author: Beata Szymczycha

Publisher: Springer

ISBN: 9783319259604

Category: Science

Page: 136

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The book provides a review of experimental methods and presents the worldwide newest literature regarding chemical substances fluxes via submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). Thus, the book characterizes both the distribution of chemicals in groundwater impacted areas in the Baltic Sea and their fluxes via SGD to the Baltic Sea. This book presents the state of art regarding the SGD and detailed studies on SGD characterization in the Baltic Sea. The Baltic Sea is an example of a region highly influenced by a variety of human activities that affect the ecosystem. It is shown that SGD has been proven to be one of the important sources introducing dissolved substances into the Baltic Sea. The loads of chemical substances delivered to the Baltic sea with SGD have not been quantified so far.

Coastal Septic Systems and Submarine Groundwater Discharge

Nicholas Reed de Sieyes
Coastal Septic Systems and Submarine Groundwater Discharge

Author: Nicholas Reed de Sieyes

Publisher: Stanford University

ISBN: STANFORD:yj756ks4754

Category:

Page: 186

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is a numerical investigation of groundwater flow at the land-sea interface forced by precipitation and evapotranspiration typical of the Mediterranean climate of coastal California. A numerical groundwater model was developed using the variable density groundwater flow code SEAWAT-2000 to examine the influence of seasonally variable recharge conditions typical of coastal California on the magnitude and timing of fresh submarine groundwater discharge from a generic coastal aquifer with a constant head (non-tidal) ocean boundary. Model dimensions and hydrogeologic characteristics were chosen based on a combination of observations from field studies at Stinson Beach, California, and published numerical investigations of coastal groundwater flow. Average monthly recharge was calculated from historical precipitation records and potential evapotranspiration rates calculated from climatological observations made near the field site. Calculated recharge was approximately sinusoidal across the year, with positive recharge rates dominated by precipitation during the rainy winter and negative recharge rates dominated by evapotranspiration during the hot, precipitation-free summer. Rates of fresh discharge from the model aquifer to the ocean exhibited similar temporal characteristics for two modeled scenarios, a first including a constant head fresh landward boundary condition and a second including a constant flux fresh landward boundary condition. Discharge in both models peaked in January during the period of maximum precipitation and recharge, and declined until reaching a minimum in September, two months after the minimum recharge period in July. Minimum simulated discharge rates for two simulated scenarios were 17% and 18% lower in September than the maximum simulated discharges in winter. Monthly mean discharge from Lagunitas Creek, a creek near Stinson Beach, reached maximum and minimum values in February and September, respectively. The exponential decline in creek discharge was fast compared to the decline in modeled SGD, however, suggesting that fresh SGD and associated nutrient fluxes may play a particularly important role in coastal ecosystems in early summer when surface water discharge has nearly reached a minimum but discharge of substantial quantities of fresh groundwater is still substantial. The final research chapter "Nitrogen, fecal indicator bacteria, and coliphage attenuation and flux from a septic leach field to the coastal ocean" describes a two-year field study to measure the flux and attenuation of nitrogen, fecal indicator bacteria, and bacteriophage in groundwater adjacent to a large coastal septic system in Central California. The study was carried out at Stinson Beach Park, Golden Gate National Recreation Area, sixteen kilometers northwest of the San Francisco Golden Gate Bridge. Long-term measurements of septic effluent quality and volumetric discharge to the leach field, synoptic DC resistivity profiling of the saltwater/freshwater interface, continuous measurements of hydraulic head in the coastal aquifer, and the installation and subsequent monitoring of a dense array of multi-level monitoring wells adjacent to the leach field for chemical and microbiological constituents were carried out. Our results indicate a nitrogen- and inorganic carbon-rich plume of septic effluent flowing from the leach field through the beach to the subterranean estuary, or the mixing zone of fresh and saline groundwaters. Attenuation of E. coli and coliphage was complete within the vadose zone and the first few meters of transport. Enterococci were detected throughout the well network during one sampling event during which no attenuation was observed, and no attenuation of total nitrogen was observed along the flowpath during the experiment. Median estimates of total nitrogen fluxing toward the ocean downgradient from the leach field ranged from 1.6 to 70.6 moles day-1, depending on season and transect location. Except for

Inputs of Nutrients and Pollutants to Hawaiian Coastal Waters from Submarine Groundwater Discharge

Karen Lisa Knee
Inputs of Nutrients and Pollutants to Hawaiian Coastal Waters from Submarine Groundwater Discharge

Author: Karen Lisa Knee

Publisher: Stanford University

ISBN: STANFORD:pw597kg8181

Category:

Page: 236

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Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a spatially pervasive phenomenon that adds freshwater, nutrients, dissolved metals, bacteria, and other constituents to the coastal ocean. This dissertation investigated SGD-related inputs of nutrients and fecal indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli and Enterococcus sp.) to coastal waters in two Hawaiian locations, the north shore of Kaua'i and the Kona coast of Hawai'i. Concentrations of caffeine, which has been used previously as a wastewater tracer, were measured in groundwater and surface water on the north shore of Kaua'i. Both study areas have relatively light levels of urban and agricultural development, and maintaining good water quality is essential for their tourism-based economies, coral reefs, fisheries, and traditional way of life. Radium (Ra), an element with naturally elevated concentrations in coastal groundwater, was used as an SGD tracer and a mass-balance approach was used to quantify SGD. On the north shore of Kaua'i, agriculture was associated with higher nitrate + nitrite concentrations in the fresh SGD component, while phosphate and silica appeared to be controlled by geological differences in aquifer substrate. High ammonium concentrations in the fresh SGD component at one site may have been caused by a leaky cesspool. In Kona, no relation between urban development or agriculture and groundwater nutrient concentrations was observed, but bare lava rock was associated with higher nitrate + nitrite and silica concentrations in fresh SGD. Sites closer to golf courses also had higher nitrate + nitrite concentrations. Conservative estimates of total SGD on the north shore of Kaua'i ranged from 1.3 to 7.8 L per meter per minute, or up to 10% of Hanalei River discharge, and SGD contributed significant nitrate + nitrite inputs to Hanalei Bay. Estimates of SGD in Kona ranged from 5 to 1200 L per meter per minute, with between 10 and 100% of the brackish SGD comprised by the fresh SGD component. SGD-related water and nutrient fluxes on the Kona Coast -- where no rivers and streams are present -- were large compared to those reported for other sites worldwide. Caffeine concentrations in environmental waters on the north shore of Kaua'i ranged from 0-88 ng/L, on the low end of what has been reported for other locations. Metribuzin, an herbicide, was also detected at concentrations from 4-11 ng/L in five groundwater and surface water samples. A sensitivity analysis of Ra-based methods of estimating water ages and coastal mixing rates revealed that water ages shorter than 3 d cannot be estimated with confidence using Ra-based methods, even if the only uncertainty considered is analytical error. In conclusion, this dissertation provides new data about SGD and related inputs of nutrients and bacteria to Hawaiian coastal waters, suggests that even low levels of development may influence nutrient concentrations in coastal groundwater, presents the first caffeine concentrations measured in environmental water samples collected in a tropical setting, and explores the limits of applicability of Ra-based methods of estimating water ages and coastal mixing rates, providing guidance for researchers conducting Ra-based SGD studies in the future.

Integrated Coastal Management in the Japanese Satoumi

Tetsuo YanagiScience
Integrated Coastal Management in the Japanese Satoumi

Author: Tetsuo Yanagi

Publisher: Elsevier

ISBN: 9780128130612

Category: Science

Page: 250

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Integrated Coastal Management in the Japanese Satoumi: Restoring Estuaries and Bays provides an in-depth exploration of the integrated costal management (ICM) used in the Japanese Satoumi. The lessons of Satoumi?coastal areas where biological productivity and biodiversity have increased through human interaction?are important for the rest of the world, given the political consensus reached in Japan to truly restore estuaries and bays. The book will discuss and explain how this method could be modified to apply to other cultures in the world. Integrated Coastal Management in the Japanese Satoumi: Restoring Estuaries and Bays presents chapters from experts in the relevant fields and includes chapters about each study field of the Satoumi, making it a valuable resource for researchers, field practitioners, and policymakers in coastal area management and development. This includes the Shizukawa Bay as an open coastal sea, the Seto Inland Sea as semi-enclosed coastal sea, and the Japan Sea. The book moves on to explore the economic evaluation of ecosystem services, a four-step management system, and the negotiation between marine protected areas and fisheries, and concludes with a full section covering a comparison of ICM with Europe and the United States, and how Japan’s policies could be integrated. Introduces a four-step system of local, regional, national and international management for successfully Integrated Coastal Management that can be deployed globally Presents a new concept for ICM which worked on the Satoumi Includes both Ecosystems Based Management (EBM) and Community Based Management (CBM) Proposes a common platform for ICM, clarifying the scientific topics involved and their significance regarding the environment

Groundwater Contamination in Coastal Aquifers

Senapathi VenkatramananScience
Groundwater Contamination in Coastal Aquifers

Author: Senapathi Venkatramanan

Publisher: Elsevier

ISBN: 9780323859745

Category: Science

Page: 308

View: 554

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Groundwater Contamination in Coastal Aquifers: Assessment and Management first describes groundwater contamination in coastal aquifers and then delves into specific topics surrounding various hydrogeochemical processes. Next, the book covers case studies of groundwater quality assessment using recent techniques, explains the various pollutants and contaminants in coastal aquifers, and covers management and remediation methods to control contamination in coastal aquifers. This key reference encompasses various topics in broader perspectives on groundwater contamination in coastal aquifers, providing a significant contribution to the field of hydrogeology. Presents global case studies that show the reader how this issue is affecting sites around the world Includes a remediation plan that solves problems surrounding the management of groundwater, water treatment techniques, and the management of available groundwater resources Provides advanced techniques that can be applied and used as methodologies for solving groundwater issues

Proceedings of the International Conference on Radioscience, Equatorial Atmospheric Science and Environment and Humanosphere Science, 2021

Erma YulihastinScience
Proceedings of the International Conference on Radioscience, Equatorial Atmospheric Science and Environment and Humanosphere Science, 2021

Author: Erma Yulihastin

Publisher: Springer Nature

ISBN: 9789811903083

Category: Science

Page: 1006

View: 487

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This book presents recent advances in the area of Radioscience, Equatorial Atmospheric Science and Environment from the international symposium for equatorial atmosphere of the celebration of the Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (EAR) 20th Anniversary, conducted by Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN) and Kyoto University, in 2021. It provides a scientific platform for all participants to discuss ideas and current issues as well as to design solutions in the areas of atmospheric science, environmental science, space science, and related fields.

Groundwater Resources and Salt Water Intrusion in a Changing Environment

Maurizio Polemio Science
Groundwater Resources and Salt Water Intrusion in a Changing Environment

Author: Maurizio Polemio

Publisher: MDPI

ISBN: 9783039211975

Category: Science

Page: 176

View: 303

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This Special Issue presents the work of 30 scientists from 11 countries. It confirms that the impacts of global change, resulting from both climate change and increasing anthropogenic pressure, are huge on worldwide coastal areas (and critically so on some islands in the Pacific Ocean), with highly negative effects on coastal groundwater resources, which are widely affected by seawater intrusion. Some improved research methods are proposed in the contributions: using innovative hydrogeological, geophysical, and geochemical monitoring; assessing impacts of the changing environment on the coastal groundwater resources in terms of quantity and quality; and using modelling, especially to improve management approaches. The scientific research needed to face these challenges must continue to be deployed by different approaches based on the monitoring, modelling and management of groundwater resources. Novel and more efficient methods must be developed to keep up with the accelerating pace of global change.

YOUMARES 9 - the Oceans: Our Research, Our Future

Simon JungblutAquatic biology
YOUMARES 9 - the Oceans: Our Research, Our Future

Author: Simon Jungblut

Publisher: Springer Nature

ISBN: 9783030203894

Category: Aquatic biology

Page: 378

View: 653

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This open access book summarizes peer-reviewed articles and the abstracts of oral and poster presentations given during the YOUMARES 9 conference which took place in Oldenburg, Germany, in September 2018. The aims of this book are to summarize state-of-the-art knowledge in marine sciences and to inspire scientists of all career stages in the development of further research. These conferences are organized by and for young marine researchers. Qualified early-career researchers, who moderated topical sessions during the conference, contributed literature reviews on specific topics within their research field. .

Coastal Aquifer Management-Monitoring, Modeling, and Case Studies

Alexander H.D. ChengScience
Coastal Aquifer Management-Monitoring, Modeling, and Case Studies

Author: Alexander H.D. Cheng

Publisher: CRC Press

ISBN: 9780203493496

Category: Science

Page: 298

View: 961

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Approximately 70% of the world's population lives in coastal areas, and the majority of these people depend on coastal aquifers for freshwater. The fragility of these aquifers and their sensitivity to human activity demand informed, competent management to guarantee their survival. Significant knowledge and new technologies related to the subject h